Bright white teeth are often associated with health and confidence, making teeth whitening one of the most popular cosmetic dental procedures today. From over-the-counter kits to in-office procedures, the options for achieving a more dazzling smile are plentiful. But what actually happens during teeth whitening?
What Causes Teeth to Change Color?
Teeth discoloration can occur due to a wide variety of factors. These may include dietary choices, lifestyle habits, or aging. To understand how whitening works, it’s helpful to know what leads to stains and discoloration in the first place.
Extrinsic Stains
Extrinsic stains are surface stains that affect the enamel, the outermost layer of the tooth. These stains are often caused by foods and drinks like coffee or red wine. Smoking or tobacco use can also contribute to yellow or brown stains on the enamel. Proper oral hygiene such as regular brushing and flossing can sometimes address these superficial stains, but professional whitening is often more effective for tougher discoloration.
Intrinsic Stains
Intrinsic stains occur within the tooth’s structure, specifically in the dentin layer under the enamel. These stains may stem from factors like certain medications (e.g., tetracycline) or natural aging. Unlike extrinsic stains, intrinsic discoloration can be more resistant to standard cleaning methods and often requires advanced whitening treatments.
Natural Aging
Aging can exacerbate both intrinsic and extrinsic discoloration. Over time, enamel may thin, making the naturally yellowish dentin beneath more visible. Coupled with years of exposure to staining foods and beverages, this process can leave teeth looking duller and darker.
How Does Teeth Whitening Work?
Teeth whitening treatments target stains and discoloration. These treatments can improve the overall brightness of your teeth. Stain removal techniques may vary depending on whether you choose a professional treatment or use over-the-counter solutions.
Professional Cleaning
Professional teeth whitening typically takes place in a dental office and is performed by a dentist or dental hygienist. It often involves the use of a strong bleaching agent, commonly peroxide-based, which breaks down the chemical bonds causing stains within the enamel or dentin. The process begins with the dentist isolating the teeth to protect the gums and surrounding tissues. A bleaching gel is applied to the teeth, which is then activated through the use of a special light or laser. This activation accelerates the whitening process, helping the bleaching agents work more effectively. Professional cleaning stands out for delivering immediate and noticeable results, often within an hour-long session, and is especially effective on deep or stubborn stains.
Take-Home Kits
Take-home whitening kits are a common alternative for those seeking more control and affordability. These kits are provided by a dentist and typically include custom-fitted trays and a prescription-strength whitening gel. To use, the gel is placed into the trays, which are then worn over the teeth for a specified amount of time each day. The treatment may span several weeks, with results observed gradually over time. Because they are specifically designed for the patient’s teeth, take-home kits often yield more consistent results than store-bought whitening solutions.
Conferring With Your Dentist
Whether you are dealing with discoloration from dietary habits, aging, or intrinsic factors, understanding the underlying causes helps you select the right whitening method. Before starting any whitening procedure, consult your dentist to determine the most suitable option for your needs. They can evaluate the type and severity of discoloration and recommend a safe and effective treatment plan. Equipped with professional guidance, you’ll be ready to achieve a brighter and healthier-looking smile.
